Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) Treatment
PTTD - also known as adult acquired flatfoot - is a progressive condition that worsens without treatment. The good news: most cases respond well to non-surgical treatment when caught early.





What Is Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction?
The posterior tibial tendon runs along the inside of your ankle and holds up your arch. When this tendon becomes inflamed, overstretched or torn, the arch gradually collapses. This is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction – or PTTD.
You may have heard the term “adult acquired flatfoot” or “adult acquired flat foot deformity.” These describe the same condition. PTTD is the name for what’s happening to the tendon. The visible flatfoot is the result of that tendon failing over time.
PTTD is progressive. It doesn’t resolve on its own, and it moves through distinct stages – each with fewer treatment options than the last. Tibialis posterior dysfunction is sometimes used interchangeably, but the clinical picture is the same. The earlier it’s assessed, the more we can do without surgery.
Symptoms of PTTD – What to Look For
Many people dismiss early PTTD symptoms as “just getting older” or general wear and tear. But these signs are worth paying attention to:
Pain and swelling along the inside of your ankle and foot – this follows the path of the posterior tibial tendon
Arch flattening or collapse – one foot may look noticeably flatter than the other
Difficulty standing on your toes on the affected foot – or pain when you try
Your foot rolling inward when walking – this overpronation puts stress on surrounding structures
Pain that worsens with activity and eases at rest in early stages, becoming more persistent as the condition progresses
Pain shifting to the outside of the ankle – this happens in later stages as the hindfoot deformity increases
If you’re experiencing pain along the inside of your foot or your ankle is rolling inward when walking, these are signals your body is giving you – not something to push through.
The Single Heel Rise Test
There’s a simple test you can try at home. Stand on the affected foot and try to rise up onto your toes. If you can’t do it, or it’s painful, that’s a significant indicator of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
This is a screening tool – not a diagnosis. But if you can’t stand on your tiptoes on one foot without pain, it’s worth getting a proper assessment to find out what’s going on.
The Four Stages of PTTD
PTTD progresses through four recognised stages. The stage determines which treatments are available – and which aren’t.
Stage I
The tendon is inflamed and weakened, but its length is preserved. Your arch is still present. You’ll feel pain and swelling along the inside of the ankle. Conservative treatment at this stage is highly effective.
Stage II
The tendon has lengthened and partially failed. The arch has collapsed, but it’s still flexible – meaning it can be manually corrected. From behind, the classic “too many toes” sign is visible, where the forefoot splays outward. Most patients present at this stage.
Stage III
The arch collapse becomes rigid. The foot can no longer be manually corrected into a normal position. There is significant deformity. Conservative treatment has limited effect, and surgical options are more commonly discussed.
Stage IV
The deformity extends to the ankle joint itself, which begins to tilt. This is the most severe stage. Surgical intervention is typically required.
The key takeaway: most patients who seek treatment early are at Stage I or II, where non-surgical treatment works well. The longer PTTD is left, the fewer non-surgical options remain.
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